About Scales
Almost all plastic models are designed
in a well-established scale. Each type of subject has one or more common scales,
though they differ from one to the other. The general aim is to allow the
finished model to be of a reasonable size, while maintaining consistency across
models for collections. The following are the most common scales for popular
subjects:
Aircraft: 1/24, 1/32, 1/48,
1/72, 1/100, and 1/144,
with 1/48 and 1/72 being the most popular
Military vehicles: 1/35, 1/48 ,1/72, 1/76
Automobiles: 1/12,1/16,1/18,1/20,1/24,1/25,1/32,1/35,1/43
Ships: 1/96, 1/350, 1/450, 1/600, 1/700
Railways: 1:43.5 (7 mm/1ft : O scale), 1:76.2 (4 mm
/1 ft : OO scale),
1:87 (3.5 mm/1 ft : HO scale)
In reality, models do not always conform to their nominal
scale; there are 1/25 scale automobile models which are larger than some 1/24
scale models, for instance. For example, the engine in the recent reissue
of the AMT Ala Kart show truck is significantly smaller than the engine in
the original issue. AMT employees from the 1960s note that, at that time,
all AMT kits were packaged into boxes of a standardized size, to simplify
shipping; and the overriding requirement of designing any kit was that it
had to fit into that precise size of box, no matter how large or small the
original vehicle. This practice was common for other genres and manufacturers
of models as well. In modern times this practice has become known as fit-the-box
scale.
The nominal height of a man is simple in the inch-based
system: six feet. Many traditional scales are derived so that a figure of
such a height against the model can be readily imagined as a simple relation
to an inch. Although the metric system has specified a limited series of scales
for blueprints and maps, when it comes to models, there may be a problem with
these scales for a readily imagined person of 180 centimetres. Model railways
have the additional difficulty of having to present the rail gauge as a simple
number, the height of a person being secondary. Trade authorities in metric
countries are attempting to specify scales that are simple mulitiples of 2
and 5, but neither tracks nor people seem to fit. In such cases, rationalization
may actually be invoked for competitive advantage, to prevent interoperability
with products from another manufacturing country.
On the other hand, wargaming scales have traditionally
been traced to metric system, where the number of millimetres relate to the
relative height of the human figure based on 180 cm standard man. Therefore
25 mm scale (popular in historical and fantasy wargaming) refers to 1:72 scale,
whilst the 15 mm scale (nowadays the most popular scale in ancient, medieval
and Renaissance wargaming) refers to 1:120 scale (Many manufacturers refer
to 15 mm as 1:100 scale). Likewise, 50 mm scale is the same as 1:35 military
model scale, and 5 mm equals 1:350 naval scale.
Comparing scales
Phrases used are those of "larger" and "smaller"
scales. The scale of 1/8"-to-the-foot is a larger scale than 1/16"-to-the-foot,
even though the denominator is smaller. So a larger model is made to a larger
scale. You can remember this in that a full-size, or full-scale, model is
larger than a half-size model.
Rational choice of scales
Rationalisation typically falls into 2 categories: Industrial
Trade, and Hobbies. Industrial trade covers areas like building and maritime
architecture where universally accepted scales have been established and are
conformed to both in the construction of models and drawings, in order to
facilitate smoother co-operation between commercial parties. The rationalisation
of hobby scales has been more gradual and organic; largely driven by clubs
lobbying industry, as well as tradition, and indirectly, consumer demand.
A couple of artificial efforts to standardise have not been successful: ie
Tamiya in the 1970's with aircraft models in 1/100th scale, and Heller with
airline models in 1/125th scale. Even though rationalisation in hobby scales
sounds appealing, it has not proved to be historically evident, although there
may be some very gradual progress as consumer demand becomes more organised.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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